Njengomphathi we-MRO okanye injineli yokuthenga okuphezulu, uyaqonda ukuba impilo yoomatshini bakho yincwadi yobomi bakho yokusebenza kwakho. Ixesha lokuphumla elingacwangciswanga lingaphezulu kokungasebenzi; Yinto ethe ngqo kumgca wakho ongezantsi. Eli nqaku linzulu yakho inzulu kwisinye sesona sixhobo sinamandla sokuqina: Ukuthwala Uhlalutyo lokuHamba, kugxilwe kwintsingiselo ethile Ixabiso le-ge. Siza kuphonononga ukuba yintoni lo mlinganiso, indlela yokuThetha ngayo, kwaye ungasinyusa njani ukuthintela izixhobo zentlekele, ukwandisa ukuthembana kwamacandelo akho, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenu, kuxhomekeka kwinkampani yakho. Kwi-vpk evele, asiyenzi nje imiqondiso; Sinika ubuchule bokunceda amahlakani ethu aphumelele.
Yintoni echaphazela uhlalutyo lokuhambahamba kwaye kutheni kubalulekile?
Kwinkalo yayo, Uhlalutyo lwe-vibration Ngaba inkqubo yokulinganisa imiqondiso yophawu evela kumatshini, ilungisa loo datha, kunye nokusebenzisa ulwazi ukumisela impilo yoomatshini kunye nezinto zayo. Yicinge njengogqirha usebenzisa i-stethoscope ukuba imamele ibekwe kwintliziyo yesigulana. Onke umatshini ojikelezayo, kwibhokisi enkulu yemizi-mveliso kwimoto yombane encinci, ivelisa isiginitsha eyodwa "xa ikwimeko elungileyo yokusebenza. Xa icandelo elinje ukuthwala iqala ukusilela, yazisa izinto ezintsha, ezahlukeneyo zendlela yokutyikitya.
Kumphathi onjengawe, Richard, le ayisiyo isayensi nje engaqhelekanga. Yindlela esebenzayo, engahlambulukanga yokujonga ngaphakathi koomatshini bakho ngelixa ibaleka. Ngokuseka isiseko sentshukumo eqhelekileyo kunye nokubeka esweni utshintsho, unako:
- Khangela iziphoso kwangoko: Chonga imiba efana nokunxiba, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, okanye ukungalingani ixesha ngaphambi kokuba zizile.
- Thintela ukonakala kwentlekele: Ukusilela ukuthwala Inokutshabalalisa i-shafts, izindlu, kunye nezinye iinxalenye ezibizayo ukuba zishiywe.
- Cwangcisa iLondolozo ngokufanelekileyo: Endaweni yokuphendula kumphunga, ungazicwangcisa ukulungiswa ngexesha lokutyikitywa kwe-Dowanti, ukugcina iindleko zekhulu.
- Yandisa ukhuseleko: Ukuthintela ukusilela kwezixhobo ezingalindelekanga kukhusela abasebenzi bakho kunye nendawo yakho.
Ukuthembeka kwalo lonke inkqubo yoomatshini kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yamalungu ayo amancinci. Impazamo enye ukuthwala Ungamisa umgca wonke umgca. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuqonda idatha kuhlalutyo lokuhambahamba lilitye lesiseko lolondolozo lweshishini lwangoku.
Yintoni kanye kanye ixabiso le-ge?
Ngoku, masiqonde. Ungayibona imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kwingxelo eguqukayo: Velocity, indawo yokuhlala, ukukhawulezisa. Kodwa enye yeyona inamandla kakhulu ukuthwala Uxilongo yi Ixabiso le-ge, ekwabizwa ngokuba "kukukhawulezisa ukukhawuleza" okanye "ukukhawulezisa ukuqhubela phambili." Olu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lobuqhetseba lube nguvulindlela kwiinkampani ezifana I-skf.
Ke, yintoni? Khawufane ucinge ngesiphoso esincinci kugqatso ohlanganisiweyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha into edlula kuyo idlula le mpazamo, idala impembelelo encinci, ephezulu okanye i-right. " Kwindawo enemizi-mveliso yengfiso-mveliso, ezi criny inyibilikisiwe ngomatshini oqhelekileyo wamatshini, olwenziwe rhoqo (njengokugungqa kunye nokukhubazeka). I ge ubuchule busebenza njengecebo elikhethekileyo. Iyityeshela ingxolo enkulu, ehamba-thile ephantsi kwaye ikwahlula-hlula kuphela amandla aphezulu "amafutha" eveliswayo "eveliswa ngumsebenzi obanjiweyo. La mandla emva koko aqwalaselwa ukuba avelise ixabiso elinye, elilula: Ixabiso le-ge.
Ukunyuka Ixabiso le-ge ihlala iluhlobo lokuqala lwesilumkiso ukuthwala Ibandezelekile. Inokufumana iimpazamo ezincinci zeMicroscopic ukuba amanyathelo okuhamba ngendlela esemgangathweni anokuphoswa, ukunika isilumkiso sokuqala sokungaphumeleli. Olu luhlobo ngqo luhlobo lwedatha ethembekileyo, isilumkiso kwangoko efuna ukuba ngumphathi ojolise kwiinkcukacha ukuthintela iindleko.
Ithathwa njani i-GEARD ENGCINWE YOKUGQIBELA EYENZIWEYO?
Ukuqokelela ngokuchanekileyo ge Idatha yinkqubo ethe ngqo, kodwa ifuna izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye neendlela zobuchule. Isixhobo esiyintloko I-Aclerometer, ionsor (ihlala i-magnetic) ebekelwe ngqo kwindlu yezindlu yomatshini. Le I-Aclerometer Ukuguqula intshukumo yentshukumo yoomatshini kumqondiso wombane.
Lo mqondiso wondliwe kumqokeleli wedatha, njenge Skf Kicrolog Umhlalutyi. Nanku ukohlukaniswa okwenzeka okwenzeka ngaphakathi komqokeleli ukuze enze ge Ixabiso:
- Ukufunyanwa kwedatha: I I-Aclerometer Ukukhetha uluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-chibish ukusuka kwi ukuthwala.
- Ukucoca okugqithisileyo: Le nkqubo isebenza icebo lokucoca zonke iinyikima eziphantsi ezihambelana nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo (njengokujikeleza kwe-shaft kunye nokumiswa).
- Ukuqhubela phambili (i-demodreation): Umqondiso ophezulu ophezulu, oqukethe iimpembelelo ezivela kwityala elingenayo, igqityiwe. "Imvulophu" yalo mqondiso udalwe, ngokuyintloko uphonononge ifuthe lempembelelo.
- Ukucoca okuncinci kwe-DTT & FFT: Lo mqondiso ophunyezwe emva koko uphinde uphinde uhlalutyuhlal 'uhlalutshwe usebenzisa ikharemu emiselweyo (FTT) ukwenza i-spectrium. Lo mboniso ubonakalisa inqanaba apho iimpembelelo zenzeka khona.
- Ukufunda: Amandla onke ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluthile lwendlela yokugqibela ye-spectrium ibalwa ukuvelisa okokugqibela ge Ixabiso.
Lo mgangatho ubonelela ngenani elicacileyo, eliqinisekileyo. Ngokuthatha i-Tistic ukufunda ukusuka kwinqanaba elinye kumatshini, ungabeka esweni i ukuthwala Imeko yexesha elide kwaye wenza isenzo ngaphambi kwengxaki.

Zithini izinto zokuziphatha phawu?
Ngelixa iyonke ge Ixabiso likunika isibonakaliso esikhulu sobuqili bengxaki, ge I-spectrum ibonelela ngeenkcukacha zokuchonga ukufaka indawo ngqo yetyala. Into eqengqelekayo ukuthwala inamacandelo amane aphambili anokusilela, kwaye umntu ngamnye uvelisa iimpembelelo kwi-oved, enokuqikelelwa rhoqo xa ijikeleza.
Oku kwaziwa njengeziqholo ze-Infrounts
- Ukudlula rhoqo kwibhola, ugqatso lwangaphandle (BPFO): Ixabiso apho izinto eziqengqelekayo zidlula kwindawo enye kuhlanga lwangaphandle. Le yeyona ixhaphakileyo ukuthwala Ityala.
- I-Parlit Pass Read, ugqatso lwangaphakathi (i-BPFI): Ixabiso apho izinto eziqengqelekayo zidlula kwindawo enye kugqatso lwangaphakathi.
- I-PREAR PREARTEY (BSF): Ukujikeleza rhoqo yento enye eqengqelekayo (ibhola okanye i-roller ngokwayo).
- Isiseko sokuhamba isikolo (FTF): Ukujikeleza rhoqo yekheji ebambe izinto ezijikelezayo.
Xa ubona incopho enkulu kwi ge I-spectrum, ungahambelana nayo rhoqo kwenye yezi zinto zibaliweyo zempazamo. Umzekelo, ukuba ubona incopho eqinileyo kwi-BPFO, unokuqiniseka kakhulu ukuba kukho umonakalo kuhlanga lwangaphandle lwento ethile ukuthwala. Eli nqanaba lokutshintsha kwengqondo kubalulekile ukuba kucwangciswe ukulungiswa ngokuchanekileyo.
UZitolika njani ukufundwa kwexabiso lezahlukileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zebandla?
Umbuzo oqhelekileyo sifumana i-vpk ihlutha, "yintoni 'elungileyo' okanye 'embi' Ixabiso le-ge? "Impendulo ayisiyo inombolo enye; kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi isicelo. Isantya esiphezulu, isithuthi esilayishwe ngokulula siya kuba nesiginitsha yophawu olwenziwe ngokuhamba kancinci kunendlela ehamba kancinci, ilayishwe kakhulu.
Nazi isikhokelo ngokubanzi sokutolika ge Ukufundwa:
| Inqanaba (GE) | Imeko ephetheyo | Isenzo esinconywayo |
|---|---|---|
| 0 - 0.5 | Ilungileyo / ilungile | Akukho manyathelo afunekayo. Qhubeka nokubeka iliso kwisiqhelo. Le yeyona meko ifanelekileyo yokuphatha okutsha, okufakwe kakuhle. |
| I-0.5 - 1.5 | Impazamo eyamkelekileyo / encinci | Jonga i ukuthwala rhoqo. Ityala elincinci linokubakho. Jonga i-cowbrication kunye neqondo lokushisa. |
| 1.5 - 4.0 | Impazamo enkulu / Isilumkiso | Impazamo ecacileyo ikhona. ISICWANGCISO SOKUFAKWA KWESIQINISEKISO NGEXESHA LOKUGCINA Hlaziya i-spectrum. |
| > 4.0 | Impazamo / ingozi | I ukuthwala ikwinqanaba lokugqibela lokusilela. Intshukumo kwangoko iyafuneka ukuthintela umonakalo wentlekele. |
Ukuqwalaselwa kubalulekile:
- Seka isiseko: Eyona ndlela inokuthenjwa kukuthatha ukufunda xa a ukuthwala intsha kwaye iyaziwa ukuba ilungile imeko. Esi siseko siba yindawo yakho yesalathiso.
- Imeko, musa ukusabela: Iphezulu enye ukufunda inokuba yi-anomaly. Amandla okwenyani Uhlalutyo lwe-vibration Ubuxoki bokuzimela idatha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukunyuka okungagungqiyo kunye nokungaguqukiyo kwi Ixabiso le-ge luphawu oluqinisekileyo lwengxaki yokuphuhlisa.
- Isantya somatshini: I-alarm yobuqhetseba kufuneka ilungiswe ngokusekelwe kwisantya esijikelezayo somatshini. OoMatshini bacothisayo ngokwendalo ge amanqanaba.
Njengomvelisi weebheringi eziziimveliso eziziimitha eziziimitha eziziimitha, siyayiqonda indlela imithwalo eyahlukeneyo kunye nezakhela ngayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto sihlala sicebisa ukuseka amanqanaba ealam.

Zeziphi izinto eziphambili eziphembelelayo ukufundwa kwe-GEARD ngeNqaku?
Ngelixa Ixabiso le-ge Ngaba inqaku elihle le ukuthwala Impilo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba eminye imiba yoomatshini inokuphembelela ukufunda. Uhlalutyo olunobuchule kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo ezi zinto ukwenza isifo esichanekileyo kwaye sithintele ukuchaza iinkcukacha.
Nazi ezinye iimeko ezinokuvelisa amandla aphezulu-right kwaye zichaphazele ge Umlinganiso:
- Iingxaki zokuSebenza: Le yeyona nto iphambili. Ayonelanga I-Lubrication Kubangela ukuba uqhagamshelo lwensimbi lwensimbi, oluza luchaphazela iimpembelelo ezifanayo netyala lokuphulukana nomzimba. Siza kuphonononga oku kwicandelo elilandelayo.
- Imicimbi yeMesh Mesh: Kwibhokisi yegiya, ukunyibilika kwamazinyo eegiya kunokuvelisa ii-chibres eziphezulu eziphezulu ezinokuthathwa yi I-Aclerometer Kwindawo ekufutshane ukuthwala.
- Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa: I-angular ye-angular okanye i-gwenxa ngendlela engalunganga inokubeka ngokungaqhelekanga umthwalo kwi ukuthwala, ebangela uxinzelelo kunye nokuvelisa ingxolo enkulu.
- Impompo yempompo: Kwiinkqubo ze-fluid, ukumila kunye nokuwa kweebhubhu ze-vapor (cavication) kunokwenza ifuthe - njengamandla ahamba ngolwakhiwo lomatshini.
- Izinto ezikhululekileyo: Ukukhululeka ukuthwala Kwizindlu zayo okanye ezinye iinxalenye zoomatshini ezikhululekileyo zinokubangela i-ratt okanye i-fretting, ekwaphakamisa i ge inqanaba.
Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukujonga umfanekiso opheleleyo. Ukulungisa i ge Idatha kunye nenye idatha yokuhamba (njenge-Velocity Spelocity, ukufundwa kobushushu, kunye nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kubaluleke kakhulu kunolwazi oluchanekileyo.
Ngaba uhlalutyo lwe-GET umahluko phakathi kwemiba ye-hibriceation kunye nokunxiba?
Ewe, ihlala inako, kwaye le yenye into enamandla ye ge ubuchule. Ngelixa bobabini bahlupheka I-Lubrication kunye nomzimba ukuthwala Umonakalo ubangela ge Ixabiso lokunyusa, babonisa ngokwahlukileyo kwidatha.
A I-Lubrication Ingxaki ihlala ibonakalisa njenge "ikhaphethi" yengxolo ephakanyisiweyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-spectum ephezulu. Ayihlali ineencopho ezihlukileyo, ezibukhali ezibukhali ezinxulumene nefuthe eliphindayo. Yicinge njengengxolo okanye ingxolo emhlophe. Xa igrisi okanye ifilimu yeoyile iyaqhekeza, ufumana uthotho oluqhubekayo lweempembelelo ezingaqhelekanga, iimpuku ze-microscopic endaweni yexesha "cofa."
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukunxiba okanye ukonakala komzimba (njengendawo yokuphumla) kuya kuvelisa i-piks ecacileyo, i-Peap echaziweyo kwi ge I-Spectrum kwi ukuthwala I-Forquelies Impazamo yempazamo (i-BPFO, BPFI, njl.njl). Kungenxa yokuba impembelelo iyaziphindaphinda inyathelo elichanekileyo kakhulu ngokujikeleza nganye.
Nantsi indlela onokulusebenzisa ngayo olu lwazi ukuze uqhubeke:
- Ubona ukunyuka Ixabiso le-ge Kwinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthwala.
- Ujonga ge I-spectrum.
- Imeko A: Ubona umhlaba obanzi, ophakanyisiweyo "umgangatho wengxolo" engenazincopho zicacileyo. Oku kucebisa kakhulu a I-Lubrication khupha. Isenzo esifanelekileyo kukukhulisa ukuthwala thatha enye ukufunda. Ukuba ge Inqanaba lehla kakhulu, uqinisekisile kwaye usombulule ingxaki ngaphandle kokutshintsha icandelo.
- Imeko B: Ubona i-Sharp, ezahlukeneyo iincopho ezihambelana ukuthwala I-BPFO. Oku kubonisa ukonakala komzimba. Igrisi ayiyi kuyilungisa le nto; i ukuthwala kufuneka icwangciswe ukuba ibekwe endaweni yayo.
Obu bantu bokuzahlula-hlula ixesha, imali, kwaye kuthintela ukutshintshwa okungafunekiyo ukuthwala Oko kwakufanekiswa yindlala.

Iyintoni indima ye-SKF ye-SKF kwi-SKYFROLOLOG KWI-GEADE YOQOQOSHO?
I Skf Kicrolog Ungcelele ungqokelela yenye yabaqokeleli beenkcukacha zedatha Uhlalutyo lwe-vibration. Ezi zixhobo ezixineneyo ziikhompyuter ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe abasebenzi bokugcina ukuze basebenzise ebaleni. Kwi-vpk ehluthayo, sihlala sisebenza nabathengi abasebenzisa ezi nkqubo ukubeka iliso kwimpilo yeemveliso zethu emva kofakelo.
I Skf Kicrolog Ngaba i-Hardware eyenza ge ukulinganiswa kunokwenzeka. Iyenza konke ukungcola okunzima kunye nokulungisa amanyathelo afanelekileyo esixoxe ngaphambili. Itekhnoloji ikhetha indawo yokulinganisa eqokelelweyo ("indlela") kwi I-microlog, fumana i I-Aclerometer kumatshini, kwaye ucinezela iqhosha. Isixhobo ke siqokelela ngokuzenzekelayo idatha eyimfuneko, yenza i-fft, ibala i ge Ixabiso, kwaye igcina i ukufunda.
Abaqokeleli beenkcukacha banamhlanje banje Skf Kicrolog Yenza okungaphezulu kokuqokelela idatha. Bahlala befumana izixhobo zokuhlalutya
- Uhlalutyo lwendawo: Banokubonisa i-viectrum kanye kwiscreen, ivumela umhlalutyi onamava ukwenza isifo sokuqala sentsimini.
- Iitsheki ze-alam: Isixhobo sinokuthelekisa entsha ukufunda Ukuseta kwangaphambili amanqanaba ayoriyo kwaye kukhazile kwangoko umatshini osisilumkiso okanye ingozi.
- Ukucima idatha: Yonke imilinganiselo igcinwa kwaye inokufakwa kwinethiwekhi yekhompyuter yohlalutyo olunzulu kunye nokuhamba kwexesha elide usebenzisa isoftware efana I-skfUmhlalutyi we-smaptice.
Indibaniselwano yenzwa enokuthenjwa, umqokeleli wedatha onamandla onje I-microlog, kwaye isoftware yohlalutyo olunamandla isoftware yenkqubo yokujonga imeko. Luhlobo lwenkqubo ekuvumela ukuba ulawule impilo yamakhulu okanye amawaka eebhedi kwiZiko lenu ekusebenzeni kunye nokunyaniseka. Kumatshini ontsonkothileyo, unokufuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebheringi, kubandakanya okhethekileyo I-Spherical Roller Brings Ukuphatha ukungalunganga kunye nemithwalo enzima.

Ukudibanisa uhlalutyo kwicebo lakho lokulungisa
Ukwamkela ge Uhlalutyo linyathelo eliguqukayo kude ne-reactive ("Lungisa xa iqhekeza") ulondolozo. Inika amandla okwakha inkqubela phambili- okanye iNkqubo yokuLungisa kwangaphambili.
Nantsi indawo yendlela yokudityaniswa:
- Chonga iiasethi ezibalulekileyo: Awunakubeka iliso kuyo yonke into. Qala ngokuchonga oomatshini abakumphumlayo abanokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimveliso, ukhuseleko, okanye iindleko.
- Yakha i-database: Kumatshini ngamnye obalulekileyo, yenza indawo yedatha yamanqaku okulinganisa. Yanganye ukuthwala, uyakufuna ukuthatha umlinganiso kwindawo ethe tye, ethe nkqo, kunye ne-axial.
- Seka iziseko: Xa ufaka umphezulu, ekumgangatho ophezulu ukuthwala, Thatha kuqala ge ukufundwa ukuseka isiseko. Lo ngumgangatho wakho "wegolide" kwesi sikhundla. Umzekelo omkhulu wecandelo elivelayo yi I-Groove enzulu yebhola ethwele, ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
- Misela indlela yesiqhelo: Chaza ishedyuli yokuqokelelwa kwedatha. Oomatshini abalulekileyo banokubekwa esweni ngenyanga, ngelixa impahla enqabileyo inokujongwa qho ngekota. Le datha yedatha yesiqhelo iphambili. I Skf Kicrolog Inqaku lendlela ilungele le nto.
- Hlalutya kunye noThando: Emva kwendlela nganye, befaka idatha kwaye uphonononge imeko. Jonga nayiphi na ukuthwala apho Ixabiso le-ge inyuka ngokungagungqiyo.
- Yenza isenzo kwidatha: Sebenzisa uhlalutyo lokwenza ii-odolo zomsebenzi ezineenkcukacha. Endaweni yokuba "lungisa impompo # 7," Umyalelo unokutshintsha imoto engaphandle ukuthwala kwimpompo # 7. Uhlalutyo lwe-spectrum lubonisa impazamo ye-BPFO. "Oku kuvumela iqela lakho ukuba lifike kunye neenxalenye ezichanekileyo, njengokuthenjwa I-cylindrical roller ithwelekunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokulungisa.
Le ndlela yokuqhutywa kwedatha isusa ukuqagela, iphucula ukucwangciswa, kwaye ekugqibeleni yenza umsebenzi wakho wonke uthembeke ngakumbi kwaye ingenelo.
Ukukhetha iqabane elinexhala elifanelekileyo ukunciphisa amazinga okusilela
Uhlalutyo lwe-vigrafication sisixhobo esinamandla sisixhobo esinamandla sokufumanisa ukusilela, kodwa eyona njongo iphambili kuyo thintela ukungaphumeleli kwindawo yokuqala. Umgangatho we ukuthwala Ufaka eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubomi bayo bokusebenza. Kulapho ubudlelwane bomenzi be-vpk buba bugxeki.
Njengomzi mveliso oqinisekisiweyo we-ISO9001 ngeminyaka elishumi, siyayiqonda into efunekayo ukuvelisa a ukuthwala Oko kuya kumelana nokufuna indawo yezorhwebo. Xa umthombo onguvela kuthi, ufumana ngaphezulu kwento nje; ufumana isiqinisekiso somgangatho omiselweyo:
- IZIPHUMO ZOBUCHULE: Sisebenzisa ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-vacuum-intsimbi ene-inqwayidi yokuqinisekisa ukubonwa okukhulu kubomi kunye nokuthwala umthwalo.
- Imveliso echanekileyo: Imigca yethu yemveliso ephezulu kunye nolawulo olusemgangathweni ophantsi qinisekisa ukuba yonke into ukuthwala dibana ngqo nokudinwa ngokuthe ngqo kokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
- Uvavanyo olungqongqo: Asixhomekeki nje ekuhlolweni kokugqibela. Siqhuba itshekhi yenkqubo kunye novavanyo lokusebenza lokugqibela, kubandakanya ukukhangelwa kwendalo, ukuqinisekisa yonke ukuthwala Oko kushiya umzi-mveliso wethu awukhululekile.
NgoMlawuli weThengiso njengawe, oku kuthetha ukuba i-thechoin yokubonelela ethembekileyo ngakumbi kunye nokusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha kwintsimi. Umgangatho ukuthwala iya kuba nesiphelo esisezantsi ge ukufunda kwaye kuya kugcina inqanaba elisezantsi ixesha elide, eliqikelelweyo. Ukusebenzisana nomvelisi oqinisekisiweyo linyathelo lokuqala nelona libalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuthengisa impumelelo.
Iindlela eziphambili zokukhumbula
- Uhlalutyo lwe-vibration yindlela engahlambulukiyo yokubeka iliso kwimpilo yoomatshini kunye neempazamo zangaphambili.
- I Ixabiso le-ge .
- Ukunyuka ge Imeko yenye yezona zinto zikhohlisayo zezezinye zokuthembeka ukuthwala ingxaki.
- I ge I-Spectrum inokukunceda ufumanise indawo ethe ngqo yempazamo (ugqatso lwangaphakathi, ugqatso lwangaphandle, njl. Njl.) ngokuchonga iziphazamiso.
- Ukutolika ge idatha ifuna ukuseka isiseko kunye nokuzifundisa ukufundwa kwexesha; Ayisekelwa kwinani elinye iphela.
- Umgangatho ophezulu ukuthwala Ukwenza imveliso sisiseko sokuthembeka komatshini. Izinto ezisemgangathweni ezingalunganga ziya kusilela kuqala, nokuba yeyiphi na inkqubo yakho yokubeka iliso.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: USep-19 ukuya ku-525
